Why Are Humans So Tall in Middle-earth: Tolkien's Literary Influences and Narrative Purposes

In J.R.R. Tolkien's Middle-earth, the height of various races, especially humans, reflects several thematic and narrative purposes. This article explores the reasons behind the depiction of humans as tall in his works and how this height serves multiple literary functions.

Symbol of Nobility and Potential

Tolkien frequently associates height with nobility and the potential for greatness. For instance, the Men of Númenor are often described as particularly tall and strong, symbolizing their noble lineage and the gifts bestowed upon them by the Valar. Their height represents the best of humanity, contrasting with the shorter stature of other races such as Hobbits, helping to differentiate human characters and emphasize their unique attributes. This physical trait serves to imply their moral and spiritual promise, which can sometimes lead to downfall through pride and corruption, as seen with the Númenóreans.

Mythological Influence

Tolkien drew inspiration from various mythologies and legends where giants and tall beings often represent power, strength, and a connection to the divine. By making humans tall, Tolkien aligns them with these mythological archetypes, enhancing their significance in the story and creating a sense of grandeur and otherworldly importance. Giants and other tall mythical figures often symbolize the divine or the ancient, and by giving humans this stature, Tolkien infuses them with this divine potential.

Contrast with Other Races

The height of humans in Middle-earth serves to create a visual and thematic contrast with other races, such as Hobbits, Dwarves, and Elves. This distinction emphasizes the diversity within Middle-earth and highlights the unique attributes of each race. For example, the hobbits, with their small stature, represent simplicity and earthiness, while dwarves embody craftsmanship and earthiness, and elves often possess a blend of grace and magical power. The contrast in height helps to define these races and makes their roles and interactions more meaningful within the narrative framework.

Reflection of Themes

The height of humans can also reflect broader themes. The Númenóreans, though tall and noble, eventually succumb to pride and corruption, leading to their destruction. This physical stature becomes a metaphor for their moral and spiritual decline. This narrative structure supports the themes of pride, downfall, and the inherent complexity of human nature. Characters like Aragorn exemplify the heroic ideal, and their tall stature visually represents strength and capability, traits often embodied by the protagonists in his stories.

Inclusivity and Realism

It's important to note that not all humans in Middle-earth are 'so tall.' Like in our world, Tolkien's humans exhibit a range of heights. This inclusivity highlights the diversity and realism of his creation, making it more relatable for readers. There are short, stocky humans (like Bombadil), tall humans (like Denethor), and everything in between. This variation in human height enriches the world-building and underscores the individuality of each character.

In conclusion, the height of humans in Middle-earth serves multiple narrative functions, enhancing themes of nobility, diversity, and the complexities of human nature. Tolkien's characterization of humans as tall reflects both his literary influences and his thematic concerns, creating a rich and multifaceted world for readers to explore.