Understanding the Difference Between a Crest and a Coat of Arms

Introduction to Heraldry

Heraldry is a fascinating field that involves the design, display and symbolism of coats of arms, crests, and other heraldic elements. This practice has been used for centuries, most notably by knights and noble families, to identify and differentiate themselves. In this article, we explore the differences between a crest and a coat of arms, two integral components of heraldry, and how they serve distinct purposes in the world of heraldic designs.

What is a Coat of Arms?

Definition

A coat of arms is a unique design that includes various elements such as a shield or escutcheon, supporters (usually figures or animals that stand beside the shield), a motto, and sometimes a helmet or torse. This full heraldic emblem is used for identification, especially in battles or tournaments. Each coat of arms represents an individual family, corporation, or state, conveying the bearer’s history, achievements, and values through specific symbols, colors, and patterns.

Components

Shield or Escutcheon: The central component of the coat of arms, often in various shapes like a heater shield. Supporters: Figures or animals that stand beside the shield, representing virtues, qualities, or historical figures. For instance, the supporters for the British royal arms are the red lion and the white unicorn. Motto: A short phrase that reflects the beliefs or values of the bearer. It is usually displayed on a ribbon or a scroll below the shield. Helm and Torse (if present): The helm is often shown on top of the shield, while the torse is a twisted wreath placed above the helm.

Design

The coat of arms includes specific symbols, colors, and patterns that are carefully chosen to represent the bearer’s lineage, achievements, and personal attributes. Heraldic colors are also known as tinctures, and certain colors have specific meanings: red (gules), blue (azure), black (sable), and silver (argent) are among the most common.

Rolls of Arms and Local Registration

The unique design elements of a coat of arms were maintained and published by local colleges of arms, which functioned as trademark or design patent offices. These arms were often used by knights and nobles who would wear both the shield and the crest during tournaments and other public events.

Rolls of arms were records of such coats of arms, often compiled in large works like the Armorial. Spotters’ guides were occasionally produced to help identify who wore which coat of arms, thereby determining where they stood in the local nobility hierarchy, whether they were worth supporting, and where their allegiances might lie. These guides were also useful for identifying valuable opponents for tournaments or potential allies in feudal society.

What is a Crest?

Definition

A crest is a component of a coat of arms that is usually placed above the shield. It is typically a figure or symbol, often depicted on a wreath or torse, and can include animals, objects, or other symbolic representations. The crest serves as an additional emblem of identity, often used in conjunction with the coat of arms but can also be used independently.

Components

The Wreath or Torse: A twisted wreath placed atop the crest to provide a decorative and protective layer. The Crest Itself: This can include a variety of symbols or figures like eagles, lions, dragons, or even objects like crowns or stars. For example, the British royal crest features a lion passant guardant standing on a crown.

Design

Crests are usually more stylized than the full coat of arms and often have a more abstract or symbolic representation. They are designed to evoke specific traits or achievements of the bearer. For example, a lion symbolizes courage, a lion with three arrows depicts strength, and a flower might signify purity or grace.

Examples and Visual Reference

Here are a few examples of crests and coats of arms that demonstrate the differences:

60 Helm Crests Ideas showcases a variety of crests on medieval helmets. Historical records, such as the Codex Mannese 052r Walther von, provide visual evidence of ancient heraldic devices used by knights. Armorial Rolls and team lists/form books have documented the unique personal identifiers of knights and individuals, keeping them distinct and traceable through heraldic records.

In summary, while both crests and coats of arms are elements of heraldry, they serve different purposes and have distinct characteristics. The coat of arms is the full heraldic emblem, including the shield and its components, while the crest is a specific part above the shield, often representing additional symbolism. Through their detailed designs and historical records, these heraldic elements enable a rich tradition of identification, storytelling, and cultural heritage.