The True Histories of the Eight Kings of Rome

The early history of Rome is shrouded in legend and myth, but beneath the veil of ancient lore lie the real and influential figures known as the kings of Rome. While the traditional narrative often highlights seven kings, recent historical research has revealed an eighth king, Romolus and Tito Tazio ruling as joint monarchs. This article will explore the lives and reigns of these rulers, each contributing significantly to the foundation of Rome.

The List of Roman Kings

1. Romolus (Romulus)
771 B.C. - 716 B.C. (died at 55)
King: 753 - 716 B.C.
Known as the legendary founder of Rome, Romulus proclaimed himself king after the murder of his brother, Remus. Legend has it that Romulus was the son of Rhea Silvia and the God Mars, making him a descendant of Aeneas.

2. Tito Tazio
750-745 B.C.
King of the Sabines: 750-745 B.C.
Titus Tatius, a Sabine king, fought against the Romans in retaliation for the rape of the Sabine women but eventually agreed to share the throne with Romulus. They ruled jointly for several years.

3. Numa Pompilio
754 B.C. - 673 B.C. (died at 80)
King: 715 - 673 B.C.
Numa Pompilius is credited with significant religious reforms, including the establishment of various religious practices and helping to form the Roman calendar. He was also the brother-in-law of Romulus.

4. Tullus Ostilio (Tullo Ostilio)
673 B.C. - 641 B.C.
King: 672 - 641 B.C.
The Etruscan king, Tullus Ostilio, is known for his military conquests and the construction of grand public buildings, such as the Circus Maximus, the oldest portico of the Forum, and the Capitoline Temple of Jupiter.

5. Anco Marzio (Anicus Marcius)
616 B.C. - 616 B.C.
King: 641 - 616 B.C.
Anicus Marcius founded the colony of Ostia and was the first to promote public works, like the Sublicio bridge, the salt sals, and the first public prison.

6. Lucio Tarquinio Prisco (Lucius Tarquinius Priscus)
579 B.C. - 616 B.C.
King: 616 - 579 B.C.
Lucius Tarquinius Priscus, an Etruscan, is credited with introducing various Etruscan customs and traditions to Roman society. His significant contributions include the construction of the Circus Maximus and other grand public buildings.

7. Servio Tullio (Servius Tullius)
539 B.C. - 578 B.C.
King: 578 - 539 B.C.
Servius Tullius implemented several significant reforms, including the division of Roman citizens into classes based on wealth and military service. He also erected new city walls and the Temple of Diana on the Aventine hill.

8. Lucio Tarquinio Superbo (Lucius Tarquinius Superbus)
509 B.C. - 495 B.C.
King: 535 - 509 B.C.
Lucius Tarquinius Superbus attempted to establish a tyrannical rule, which led to revolts and ultimately the expulsion of the Tarquinii family and the establishment of the Roman Republic in 509 B.C.

The Legacy of the Kings of Rome

Each of these kings, whether ruling alone or as a joint monarch, played a crucial role in shaping Rome. Their reigns were marked by significant achievements and reforms that set the stage for Rome's future as one of the world's greatest empires. From religious and cultural reforms to military conquests and infrastructure development, the work of these kings continued to influence Roman society long after their administrations ended.

Conclusion

The kings of Rome were not just mythical figures but real historical personalities who left an indelible mark on the city's early development. From Romulus and Tito Tazio to the final king, Lucius Tarquinius Superbus, each ruler contributed to the growth, prosperity, and greatness of Rome. Their legacies continue to resonate in the history and culture of the Western world, serving as a testament to the power of human leadership and the enduring impact of historical figures.