How to Tell the Difference Between a Turkey Vulture and a Hawk

When bird watching or bird photography, accurately identifying species is both rewarding and important. One common challenge bird enthusiasts face is distinguishing between a turkey vulture and a hawk. By observing certain key characteristics and behaviors, you can effectively differentiate between these raptors. In this article, we will explore the physical appearance, flight behavior, feeding habits, habitats, and vocalizations of both a turkey vulture and a hawk, helping you to become a better observer in the wild.

Physical Appearance

Turkey Vulture:

Size: Large with a wingspan of about 5.5 to 6 feet. Color: Dark brown to black plumage with a distinctive featherless red head and a pale bill. Wings: Long, broad wings with a slight outward curve at the tips.

Hawk:

Size: Generally smaller than turkey vultures, with a wingspan of 3 to 4.5 feet. Color: Varies by species but often features a mix of brown, white, and rufous colors. Many have patterned feathers. Wings: More tapered and pointed, typically held flat while soaring.

Flight Behavior

Turkey Vulture:

Soars on thermals with a wobbly flight pattern, often gliding with wings held in a slight V-shape. Operates mostly at lower altitudes.

Hawk:

Nimble and agile, capable of quick dives and turns. Can flap its wings more frequently, especially when ascending.

Feeding Habits

Turkey Vulture:

Primarily feeds on carrion, dead animals, and has a keen sense of smell to locate it.

Hawk:

Generally a predator, hunting live prey such as small mammals, birds, and reptiles.

Habitat

Turkey Vulture:

Often found in open areas, including fields and wetlands, where carrion is easier to spot.

Hawk:

Can be found in a wide range of habitats, including forests, grasslands, and urban areas, depending on the species.

Vocalizations

Turkey Vulture:

Has a hissing or grunting sound, often described as relatively vocal.

Hawk:

Generally more vocal, with sharp, piercing calls that vary by species.

By considering these characteristics, you can more effectively distinguish between a turkey vulture and a hawk in the wild. Whether you are an experienced birdwatcher or a beginner, these tips will help you identify and appreciate the unique traits of these fascinating birds.