Can Tree Roots Damage Foundation Walls Without Breaking Through?

It is a common concern that tree roots can cause damage to foundation walls without actually breaking through, but is this really possible?

Understanding the Risks

While it is theoretically possible for tree roots to cause damage to foundation walls without breaking through, it is important to note that it rarely happens. In most cases, the time it would take for this to occur would be so long that the house would typically deteriorate due to other factors long before any significant damage could be caused by tree roots. For instance, if you have a large tree just in front of your window and roof, which has been there for at least 50 years, it's highly unlikely that you would need to remove it due to structural concerns. However, a larger tree should be positioned at least 40 feet away from the house to ensure safety and prevent potential issues.

Types of Trees to Avoid Near Homes

Large oaks, maples, and willows should be avoided when planting near homes. These species have a tendency to grow deep roots that can potentially cause damage over time. Unlike smaller trees, their roots grow outward, making them more likely to reach and affect the foundation.

Do You Know Where the Tree Roots Are?

It is not easy to pinpoint exactly where tree roots are without the help of advanced technology such as X-ray vision or ground-penetrating radar. Tree roots can grow extremely deep and can penetrate any foundation over time, leading to significant damage.

How Tree Roots Can Cause Damage

Cracks in the foundation can serve as entry points for tree roots, which can widen and exacerbate these cracks as they grow. This is similar to how roots would seek out water and minerals from any solid surface they come into contact with. If the roots are not in direct contact with the foundation, they will not cause any damage, as roots grow into and through soil, not compressing it. However, as roots grow and expand, they can heave sidewalks and other surfaces, but they are not compressing the soil in the process.

Common Causes of Unwanted Root Growth

The vast majority of the time, when tree roots are in unwanted locations, it is due to a lack of foresight, insufficient knowledge about tree growth patterns, and inadequate construction practices. Proper planning and knowledge can help mitigate these issues. For more helpful tips on tree planting and general tree care, an excellent resource is the National Arbor Day Foundation.

Real-World Example of Root Damage

While it is rare for tree roots to directly cause damage to foundation walls without breaking through, it is possible. An anecdotal example comes from a friend who had a very large tree on their property a considerable distance from their house. Despite the roots not touching the house's foundation, they were growing underneath it and causing numerous problems, especially with the plumbing.

Conclusion

In summary, while tree roots can potentially cause damage to foundation walls over an extended period, it is not common and is usually preceded by other factors. Proper planning and maintenance can help ensure that tree roots do not become a significant issue for your home's foundation.