Abraham as Khalilullah: The Friend of Allah

Introduction

The relationship between human beings and God is a complex yet fascinating topic in religious studies. Among the prophets mentioned in various scriptures, Prophet Abraham holds a special status. The Quran refers to him as Khalilullah, meaning a friend of Allah. This article explores the significance of this title and its implications.

Abraham and the Prophetic Friendship

According to the Quran, the relationship between Prophet Abraham and Allah is described in a verse from Surah An Nisa:

”Who can be better in religion than one who submits (his whole self to Allah), does good, and follows the way of Abraham, the upright (in his faith)? For Allah did adopt Abraham as a friend.” (Quran 4:125)

This verse elucidates the spiritual bond between Prophet Abraham and Allah. However, the term Khalilullah can be misconstrued as implying a mere friendship between two entities of equal standing. In Islamic tradition, the term Khalil is more accurately translated as "beloved" or "close companion." It signifies a profound spiritual connection without equating Abraham to Allah.

Abraham in Different Religious Texts

The title Khalilullah is not exclusive to the Quran; it is also recognized in the Old and New Testaments. Abraham's relationship with God is underscored in several texts:

2 Chronicles 20:7 (Old Testament): "Will You not help us, O Lord our God? For we have turned to You for help, and in the face of this great company that is attacking us, we do not lose heart." This verse emphasizes God's support and assistance to Abraham.

Isaiah 41:8 (Old Testament): "You are My witness," says the Lord, “the very one that rouses people from the east and calls them out of the west by the name of His knowledge.” This verse highlights God's awareness and watchful care over Abraham.

James 2:23 (New Testament): "And the scripture was fulfilled which says, ‘Abraham believed God, and it was reckoned to him as righteousness.’ And he was called the friend of God.” This verse from the Gospel of James reinforces Abraham's special relationship with God.

Takfir Al-Rawatib, Quran, Surah Al-A'raaf:53: "We worked for Abraham in the construction of the house, saying, 'Peace and welfare be upon Abraham.'” This verse indicates God's direct involvement in the construction and of the house, further emphasizing the special bond between Abraham and God.

Understanding the Term Khalilullah

The term Khalilullah holds deep theological significance. In Arabic, Khalil can mean beloved, companion, or close friend, but it does not imply a reciprocal relationship. The Quran itself clarifies this by saying, "And Allah has taken Abraham as a Khaleel," (Quran 4:125).

Translating Khalil as "friend" can lead to misunderstandings. It is crucial to understand that only Allah is unique and incomparable. Allying Abraham with God does not infer a relationship of equality. Instead, it emphasizes the deep and exclusive relationship that God has with Abraham, recognizing his righteousness and faith.

Some interpret Khalil as being used to describe a special class of people such as "Khillan" (plural of Khalil). This term might refer to a group of believers who are favored and invited into the presence of God, but it does not diminish the unique relationship between Abraham and God.

Abraham's Approach to Allah

Unlike other prophets, who received divine revelations through messengers like Gabriel, Prophet Abraham approached Allah personally. His constant endeavor to find closeness to the Creator reflects his profound faith and dedication. This unique method of divine communication sets Abraham apart and emphasizes his special relationship with God.

Abraham's steadfastness and willingness to follow his calling, even when it meant going against society's norms, speaks volumes about his unwavering devotion. His willingness to obey God's command to sacrifice his son, which he did ultimately not have to carry out due to God's intervention, is a testament to Abraham's faith and trust in God's plan.

Conclusion

In summary, Prophet Abraham's status as Khalilullah, or a friend of Allah, is a profound expression of God's special relationship with him. While the term Khalil can be ambiguous, it is rooted in the profound and exclusive bond that God has with Abraham, recognizing his faith and righteousness. Understanding this term and its context helps us appreciate the special place Abraham holds in religious teachings.

References:

Quran, Surah An-Nisa 4:125 2 Chronicles 20:7 Isaiah 41:8 James 2:23 Quran, Surah Al-A'raaf 7:53